Mitosis experiment free essay sample

Introduction The practical will involve the preparation, observation, and classification, of the various stages of mitosis by observing garlic root tips using a microscope. The study comes under the heading of cytogenetics which is the visual characterisation of genetic material and the study of how that material reacts during the life of the cell. Strictly speaking, mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei that are identical to one another and to the parent nucleus. Mitosis is part of the cell cycle which also includes chromosome replication and division of the cytoplasm i.e. cytokinesis. The chromosomes are always present in the nucleus but they are most easily seen when the nucleus divides. During this division process chromosomes contract significantly after which they can be seen under the light microscope as distinct thread-like structures. Chromosomes are usually studied by obtaining actively dividing tissue, fixing the material to kill the cells, and to preserve their structure, staining the chromosomes with a dye, and then observing them with a microscope. We will write a custom essay sample on Mitosis experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By studying mitosis in this way, changes that occur in the chromosomes can be observed and the visible events that bring about the process of heredity in somatic (body) cells can be seen. Furthermore, using certain chemicals it is possible to arrest the division process at the end of prophase and catch the chromosomes in their most condensed form (see karyotyping). This technique permits the study of number, size, and form, of the chromosomes, and enables us to see how these aspects of chromosome organisation vary from one species to another. General Procedures for making Slides to study Mitosis Cells, dividing by mitosis, can be found in the actively growing (meristems) part of an organism and in tissues where the cells require continual replacement. It is usual to work with meristematic regions of the roots although various other parts of plants can be used. In animals the source of material may be young embryos, cells from the testes or in humans, white blood cells grown in culture medium. For most purposes, study of the meristematic or actively dividing region of plant root tips is the most convenient. A simple method, and the one that is used in this case, is to suspend a clove of garlic (Allium sativum) on a beaker full of water so that  the bottom of the clove is covered by the water. Within a day or two, roots will have begun to grow into the water and these can be used when they are about one centimeter in length. The resultant preparations should allow study of all the stages of mitosis. Procedure for root tip preparations 1.Garlic root tips have been heated for 1h at 60 ºC in aceto-orcein stain contained in boiling tubes 2.Transfer an undamaged root tip (i.e. one with an intact point to the tip) to a clean microscope slide using a pair of forceps 3.Gently angle a cover slip over the specimen and lower it on 4.Place three squares of blotting paper over the cover slip and gently, then with increased pressure, press your thumb vertically down on the blotting paper 5.This removes excess stain and helps separate the chromosomes to provide increased clarity Studying mitosis under the microscope 6.Place the slide on the stage of the microscope and focus on typically dividing cells using the X10 objective. The morphology of cells in the dividing region of the root is quite specific, by being relatively square and in uniform long lines. 7.Once the region of division has been located change to the X40 objective to view the chromosomes and identify the various stages of division. 8.It is important not to look just for the various stages in isolation but to fit them into the pattern of the cell cycle starting with prophase and ending with telophase. 9.Draw and label each stage noting on your diagram the magnification (use half a page for each drawing. 10.If possible note the number of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of garlic by counting the chromosomes in ten representative cells. You should ask yourself the following questions: †¢Are the chromosomes present as discrete structures? †¢Are chromatids visible and are they discrete? †¢Are the chromatids orientated in any particular way? †¢Have the chromatids separated into two distinct groups? †¢What mitotic stage(s) is/are most common? †¢Can I identity the various stages of thickening in prophase? †¢Can I assess the relative positions of the centromeres? †¢Can I follow the progress of the chromosomes at anaphase by studying various cells in anaphase by noting the approximate positions of the centromeres? †¢Can I identify cytokinesis by improving the clarity of the telophase stage (see appendix)? †¢Do I observe any polyploidy cells? Stages of mitosis Interphase Strictly speaking, interphase is not a phase of mitosis, but is the normal resting state of a cell. The chromosomes are present as an amorphous stained material. Prophase The chromosomes gradually shorten and thicken by contraction or condensation and so become more obvious. This reduces the chances of chromosomal entanglement or breakage in the later stages of mitosis. Careful observation of prophase and metaphase under high power will verify the fact that each chromosome is a double structure composed lengthways of a pair of sister chromatids that will eventually move to opposite ends of the cell during anaphase. Metaphase When the chromosomes have migrated or congressed to the equator of the cell they are said to be in the metaphase condition. The chromosomes become attached at their centromeres to the spindle such that the sister chromatids are attached to opposite poles. The spindle will not be visible using the aceto-orcein staining method but the centromeres can be located lying along the equator. Anaphase Sister chromatids are held together by a cohesive force of unknown nature up until the beginning of anaphase. At the beginning of anaphase the cohesive force lapses to allow the chromatids to move to opposite poles of the spindle. In these anaphase cells the approximate position of the centromeres  can be determined because they now point directly to the poles, whilst the chromosome arms trail behind.

The Sixth Sense †Film Essay (100 Level Course)

The Sixth Sense – Film Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Sixth Sense Film Essay (100 Level Course) The director M. Night Shyamalan used different methods to construct the motion picture, â€Å"The Sixth Sense†. He uses foreshadowing, symbolism and motif to help you understand the movie and see that it is more than what you first perceive. In â€Å"The Sixth Sense† a boy named Cole Sear (Haley Joel Osment) is a boy that seems to have a problem. He sees things that other people can’t see; he can also hear things that other people can’t. He can see ghosts, walking among people as if living like nothing ever happened. A Doctor named Dr. Malcolm Crowe (Bruce Willis) tries to help Cole with his â€Å"problem† until he realizes that Cole is very much similar to Vincent Grey (Donnie Wahlberg) who was a boy that had the exact same symptoms. In â€Å"The Sixth Sense† there is much foreshadowing to tell the person that is watching the picture what will happen next with, but they are only clues, not direct statements that will be easily be given away. There is much foreshadowing used in the picture; in the beginning Vincent Grey breaks into Dr. Malcolm Crowe’s home. Vincent Grey was former student of Crowe’s. Vincent tells him that he had failed him and afterwards Vincent shoots Crowe and himself, but when Crowe gets shot, he gets shot right into the kidney, which is one of the worst places to be shot. The shot was fatal but the audience doesn’t know that, because that was only a flashback, the movie picks up again the next fall and it appears that Crowe is alive. More foreshadowing, for example, is the fact that Cole Sear is the only person to speak to Dr. Malcolm Crowe. Even though Crowe speaks to other people, no one speaks back. Also Dr. Malcolm Crowe was wearing an undershirt, a shirt over it and a coat. And he switches all the time, but accept for those clothes he never wears anything besides that. Another foreshadow is when Cole speaks to Dr. Crowe in the beginning, in the church he spoke Latin. A nine-year-old kid normally doesn’t know Latin. And it is said that evil spirits cannot go on holy ground, and when a priest dies his spirit remains in the church and since Cole Sear can talk to the ghosts, and since priests used to speak Latin they taught him how to. Also when Dr. Crowe is looking for Cole, he asks if Dr. Crowe would like to join the army, and states a regiment number that a nine year old boy would never know. In the movie when Cole Sear tells Dr. Crowe his secret that he can see â€Å"Dead People† the camera zooms in on Dr. Crowe sort of implying that he is dead. Last, near the middle of the movie Cole tells Dr. Crowe not to fail him, which is foreshadowing that Vincent Grey had the same strange powers as Cole Sear. M. Night Shyamalan uses symbolism in this motion picture to give it an eerie atmosphere. The names of most of the characters are symbolic, they relate to things that are dark and may reflect to the personality of the person. For example, Dr. Malcolm Crowe, his last name is Crowe like a crow, which is the symbol of evil or dark, dead things, and in the end he is dead. Cole’s name is symbolic because of Cole, which is like cold which is what happens when ghosts get angry; Sear his last name is symbolic because it is like the word seer which is a person that is a visionary or someone that can see things that others can’t, like Cole. Vincent’s name is symbolic because his name is the same as the famous Vincent Van Gogh, a painter that was insane and ended up shooting himself like Vincent Grey; Grey is symbolic because grey is the color of being in between, it’s the color of neither black or white, being in the middle of two worlds as Vincent Grey was. Last, in â€Å"The Sixth Sense† M. Night Shyamalan uses motif to explain extreme emotional distress that can be damaging so someone. Red is a big significance in the movie because when something in the real world is about to go horribly wrong you see red. When something frightening is about to happen somewhere on the screen you see red. Another example of motif is the white hair on the back of Vincent and Cole’s heads, because some hair on trauma victims goes white. Last whenever the ghosts become very angry the area around them becomes cold and you know something is wrong. Using foreshadowing, symbolism and motif people are able to figure out the ending of the movie before it ends. Dr. Malcolm Crowe has been dead for the entire movie, accept the first five minutes, and Cole Sear is able to deal with his problems. Dr. Crowe came to Cole to help him with his problem with being afraid of ghosts, but Cole also helped Dr. Crowe by helping move on. When Dr. Crowe spoke to his wife while she was sleeping he was able to figure out what he had to do to let go from the real world, and his wife’s life would be changed. Research Papers on The Sixth Sense - Film Essay (100 Level Course)Where Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Hockey GameThe Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

How smart phone change or life(draw back and advantage) Research Paper

How smart phone change or life(draw back and advantage) - Research Paper Example The dominant perspective is that smart phones are killing personal computing, citing the tremendous growth in usage, mobile technology and capability. According to a report in The Guardian, smartphones are already poised to be the dominant device where people connect to the Internet, hold data, run programs and organize their lives - functions that have been what the PCs are made to do. What is important from these developments is that smartphones are changing the way people live, including the way humans perceive themselves and what it actually means to be human in the modern times and in the near future. Here, smartphones are showing what the author P.G. Wodehouse called as â€Å"the frozen limit† or that which breaks the barriers set by constraints and limitations in our society and the world. What are Smartphones Motorola has been credited to have introduced the first truly mobile hand help phone. A team from this organization led by Martin Cooper developed the first hand set in 1973 and it was huge, weighing a staggering two kilograms (Teixeira, 2010). Back then, the cost of manufacturing a mobile costs at least $1 million as opposed to the cost of making the latest iPhone today, which is only estimated to be $191 (Associated Press 2013). In 1978, the analog cellular system was introduced and the most advanced of this technology was build in 1983, with a cost of $100 million and took almost a decade to reach consumers (Associated Press, 2012). The phones in this technology were sold for almost $4,000 each and it only has an average of about 30-minute talk time (Associated Press 2012). By 1990s, the second generation 2G phone was introduced. Around this time, the SMS - a new way of mobile communication was introduced. This began the rapid development of mobile phones as handsets began featuring capabilities for rich media content. This is now the time when mobile phones became feature phones, then, finally, smart phones. As usage became widespread, p eople start to demand more mobile data and this led to the third generation (3G) mobile technology, which was typified by reliable data speeds. New media capabilities such as video streaming became possible. Recently, the world was introduced to the wonders of 4G mobile technology, which features more incredible data speed than 3G technology (Thomas 2013). The development in data speed has been complemented by the rapid evolution of mobile phone hardware. From the first hand set back in 1973 to the current iPhone and Android phones, the changes have been revolutionary especially in terms of size, display, user interface, appearance, and battery life. The implications of these developments are that today people can communicate while on the go in numerous ways: through telephony, video, VOIP, SMS, and so on. The advances in mobile technology also magnify the tremendous benefits of the Internet. And this is further highlighted by the fact that mobile phone users have grown. Last year, the UN has reported that there are now six billion mobile phone subscribers all over the world (BBC, 2012). Impact on Human Lives There are many studies that provide empirical evidence showing how telephony has favorable effects on a country’s economic growth. For example, Unwin (2009) documented the relationship between economic growth

Medication Errors V.S Bar Coding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medication Errors V.S Bar Coding - Essay Example In an analysis of 334 medication errors from II acute care wards, 39 % of the problems were judged to occur during physician ordering, 12% during transcription and verification, 11% during pharmacy dispensing and 38% during nursing administration (Patterson 2002). The intravenous (IV) administration of drug is a complex process and errors frequently occur. For example, in a recent study on 10 wards in the two UK hospitals it was found that errors occurred in almost half the IV drug preparations and administrations, 1% of which were severe and 58% moderate. The main findings of the study are as follows: An error rate of 73% occurred when giving bolus doses (172 errors in 235 observed administrations). An error rate of 14% occurred when preparing drugs that required multiple steps (50 errors in 345 observed multiple step preparations). An ethnographic study was conducted to investigate IV drug errors in two UK hospitals. This research method offers the advantage that the context can be explored at the time of the error and many of the conditions, which contribute to errors, as outlined by human error theory, can be identified in this context. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect data in different hospital settings. A trained and experienced observer accompanied nurses during IV drug rounds on 10 wards in two hospitals (one University teaching hospital and one non-teaching hospital) in the UK. Information came from observation and talking informally to staff. Human error theory was used to analyze the causes of IV error. Both hospitals operated a typical ward pharmacy service in which doctors wrote prescriptions on formatted inpatient drug charts and nurses used the charts to determine the doses to be given and to record the administration of drugs. IV medication in general was prepared and administere d on the wards by nursing staff, with the exception of cytotoxic medication, which was prepared centrally by the pharmacy department. This disguised, observation method has been shown to be valid for identification of medication errors. Each case of IV medications error was analyzed to identity the main active failure and the factors contributing to this error. Medication was omitted because of failures in communication in 14 errors (16%). This occurred when patients were transferred between wards and information on drug administration was not communicated. Communication problems between doctors and nurses included ambiguous hand written prescriptions. These cases also indicated failures in adequately using and checking patient's drug charts. High workload and distractions when carrying out several tasks at the same time were observed in 13 errors ( Taxis 2003)) A prospective audit was carried out by Cousins D.H (2005) by direct

Whatever the artical is talking about something over Article

Whatever the artical is talking about something over - Article Example However, Leovy notes that this approach by the police has not yielded positive results in terms of reduction of homicides among the African American community. The article by Leovy has a relationship to economic theory. I find this relationship in the manner in which the proliferation of homicide, which is a crime under the constitution, is prevalent among the African American communities in America, despite the existence of laws and a criminal justice system to deter and deal with such crimes. The economic theory of crime is rooted in the cost benefit relationship. Under this theory, people commit crime rationally when they perceive that doing so will reap more benefits than risks. I find this element in Leovy’s article. The criminals committing murders in the African American community do not perceive greater risks in doing so. They commit the murders because they know that the risk of being brought to justice is low compared to the perceived benefits. For example, if an individual has some grudge with another because of an illegal drug deal, I think he will have more economic reason to eliminate the enemy by murdering him. This w ill be more beneficial in the sense that the individual will have no competition. Yet, the chances of being arrested, taken to court, and sentenced is slim. Therefore, I believe that Leovy’s argument is based on economic theory. However, I believe that if the criminal justice system, particularly the police, responded effectively to murder crimes by arresting the suspects and taking them through the due course of the law, the crime levels would reduce. After all, no individual would want to spend his or her entire life in prison for murder. This will mean that the risk or cost of committing murder will be higher than the perceived crime. In addressing crime from an economic theory perspective, the criminal justice system ought to

Game Mechanics in Racing Game: Research

Game Mechanics in Racing Game: Research Introduction The very first racing game built by KONAMI was Road Fighter (Konami, 1984). The goal of the game was to reach the finish line without running out of fuel. The interesting part was each time the player gets close to finish line without getting crashed; a superman flies by and the player gets extra 1000 points. If you havent noticed before, the superman has K marked on his dress, which probably stands for Konami. But, if you see from a developers point of view, the superman bonus is the result of reward and feedback game mechanics. This point bonus encourages players to play better. It makes the game more interesting and players concentrate more in order to get the bonus Superman points. Game mechanics is a huge subject. It has been used in many fields today, other than video games. Game mechanics have been used for growing the players interest and involvement in gameplay, but as the area of game mechanics became largely successful, it started being used in other fields for other purposes. With the research on game mechanics, I try to study and understand the vast game mechanics subject and its application in various fields. I have also tried to form up a definition and apply it to study gameplay in various games. At last, a thorough study of game mechanics in racing games is attempted, and I introduce a new mechanics for racing games. Research Context The example above explains the game mechanics at quite brief extent. Here, I present some definitions by various researchers as well as own thoughts, experience and some examples. Game Mechanics Definitions Different researchers provide different game mechanics definitions, most likely related to their research. Here are some of the definitions given by some authors. Miguel Sicart defines game mechanics as: Methods invoked by agents for interacting with the game world. (Sicart, 2008) Here, Sicart offered a formal definition for game mechanics as he exercises this definition with a comparative analysis of Shadow of Colossus (Team Ico, 2005), Rez (United Game Artist, 2002) and Every Extend Extra (Q Entertainment, 2006) to research game context and user experience. One of the game mechanics definitions that Sicart has mentioned in his research is by Lundgren and BjÃÆ' ¶rk (2003) as: any part of the rule system of a game that covers one, and only one, possible kind of interaction that takes place during the game, be it general or specific. The definition given by Lundgren and BjÃÆ' ¶rk covers traditional board games and puzzle games, rather than video games. However, they mention that most of the mechanics identified in their research can easily be brewed into video games played on PCs and consoles. It would have been easy to describe these game mechanics without starting from traditional games, but, starting from traditional games also opens up a way that allows easy comparison between computer-based games and non-computerized games. Mike stout (2010) explains how to come up with a better game mechanics when the gameplay is repetitive and boring. Stout describes game mechanics as A major chunk of gameplay. He gives an example of The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past (Nintendo, 1991) and the game mechanics used in the game like: sword combat, block pushing, boomerang throwing, swimming, button based puzzles, Hazard-avoidance, etc. (Stout, 2010) Amy Jo Kim explains game mechanics applied in functional softwares and social media as The system and features that makes games fun, compelling and addictive. Kim also explains how game mechanics is brewed into social media like eBay, Facebook, YouTube etc, (Kim, 2009). Game mechanics is a subject that is used in many fields other than video games like, social media, social games and entertainment, consumer products and services etc. Game Mechanics in Social Media Social media sites like facebook.com, eBay.com, youtube.com etc. Implements game mechanics at a very large scale. Amy Jo Kim (2009) explains how collection, points, exchange, feedback and customization mechanics is implemented in social media. For example, ebay.com gives rating and feedback score to the sellers based on the feedback received from customers or buyers. The feedback is accessible through sellers profile page where any user can check the ratings and score. This mechanics improves the seller services. Tesco PLC has implemented point mechanics to attract more customers. The customer gets certain points for purchases made at Tesco shops through Tesco Clubcard. Later, they can redeem points for other offers of items. Tesco makes various offers available through Clubcard points which drive customers to purchase more products. (Tesco, 2010) Jesse Schell (2010) presented multiple examples of game mechanics used in non-game media in his presentation Design outside the Box at DICE Summit 2010. Schell mentions new Ford Fusion hybrid car that comes with an EcoGuide facility, which is basically an implementation of feedback mechanics. Its a virtual plant in techno meter; the plant sprouts more leaves as your miles-per gallon go up, indicating how green your motoring is. (Goodwin, 2009) Here, feedback mechanics is used in such a way that might affect the way people drive their car and possibly encourage them to drive in an eco-friendly way. MouseHunt (HitGrab, 2008) and other facebook games are mainly based on points, feedback, collection, and customization mechanics and MouseHunt can be the best example of it. The player is required to build a mouse trap to catch mice and when a mouse is caught, the player is awarded with points and gold. The game keeps a track of points and gold on leaderboard. The mice caught by the player are added in his collection. Game Mechanics in Mainstream Games Quake (id Software, 1996) popularized rocket jumping mechanics. Rocket jumping is the technique of firing a rocket launcher or similar explosive pointing at the ground or at wall and jumping at the same time. The explosion propels and accelerates the players jump to large distance. Rocket jumping mechanics was introduced in Marathon (Bungie, 1994) and Rise of the Triad (Apogee, 1994), adapted in Team Fortress 2 (Valve, 2007) Unreal Tournament (Epic Games, 1999) and others. (Wikipedia, 2010) Another popular game mechanics is slow motion. The gameplay of Max Payne (Rockstar, 2001) involves bullet time-based action sequences. Bullet time slows the passage of time down to a certain level and enables the player to perform special moves. Time based mechanics is also one of the main features in later versions of Prince of Persia series (Ubisoft, 2003). This mechanics makes the prince able to slow down or rewind the time and perform special combat moves. Portal (Valve, 2007) is a single player Puzzle-Platformer game that consists primarily of a series of puzzles that must be solved by teleporting the players character and simple objects using the portal gun, a unit that can create inter-spatial portal between flat planes. The game received praise for its unique gameplay and darkly humorous story. Portal seems a perfect combination of Challenge and Skills, though its gameplay consist teleportation based puzzles only. The gameplay contains no combat sequence or rocket jumping or slow motion. Kill.switch (Namco, 2003) introduced cover and shoot mechanics which was adapted into Gears of War (Epic Games, 2006). As described by Miguel Sicart (2008) Gears of War introduced an effective combat tactic where the player takes cover behind a block or a pillar and patiently shoots enemies. This third-person combat design also influenced Grand Theft Auto IV (RockStar North, 2008) and became highly popular. But Grand Theft Auto series is more popular for its variety of gameplay which consist of action, adventure, driving, racing, and stealth elements. The GTA series is also a good example of open world type of video game level design concept where a player can roam the virtual world at any point in the game. It also contains sandbox style nonlinear gameplay where the player can complete challenges in any sequence. The Game sold 2.5 million units in the America on the first day. (Mazel, 2008) The roots of open-world game concept go back to space simulator Elite (Acornsoft, 1984). However, we get to see open-world gameplay implementations in Midtown Madness (Microsoft, 1999), Need for Speed Underground 2 (EA Games, 2005) and Burnout Paradise (EA, 2008) as well. Game Mechanics in Racing Games The main gameplay in racing game is driving the car. However, many racing games offer various gameplay that are unique to the game itself. Need for speed: Underground (EA Games, 2003) has a unique win condition. The player has to finish the race at first place only in order to win the race, even if there are more than two players playing. This finish-first only mechanics deliberately increased the challenge level in the game. Underground emphasis heavily on import racing scene and featured vehicles associated with it. Cars can be customized to increase performance and visuals. Underground also featured EA Trax (EA Games) which is a collection of soundtracks. Overall, Need for Speed Underground contains multiple game mechanics that appealed many racing game lovers. According to VGChartz.com, the game sold 6.49 million units of PS2 version of the game till date. (VGChartz, 2010) Trials HD (RedLynx, 2009) is a combination of puzzle and stunt bike driving. It doesnt have any competitive race, as in the player has to get through a number of obstacles with as few crashes as possible. The challenge in the game is to balance and control the speed so that the player can pass through obstacles successfully. The game uses 3D graphics but the player can only more forward and backwards. However, the player can lean front or back to perform special moves or stunts. With such limited movement, the controls are also made simple. Trials HD also has a leaderboard feature, and when connected to Xbox Live, the player can compare his progress with his friends. Split Second (Disney, 2010) introduced destructive environment, which, when triggered by player it creates obstacles for other players. As a player performs stunts like drafting, drifting or precision driving, the powerplay meter builds up which allows the player to trigger special events like creating obstacles, enabling shortcuts or altering the race track entirely. High speed racing, imported cars, customization, stunts, crashes and motion blur can be noted as features of a racing game required to make it best selling. Burnout (Acclaim Entertainment, 2002) is noted as the initial in a series of high-speed racing games which also includes high risk gameplay mechanics. Burnout paradise (EA, 2008), the recent release in burnout series, features an open world environment called Paradise City, with day-night cycle. Game Mechanics include stunts, car crashes, and motorcycles. A very player favourite and famous gameplay is Crash Mode in which players can cause car crashes. However, in burnout paradise, the Crash Mode is called Showtime and records are kept for players biggest crash. The game contains best time for every street in the game which encourages the player to keep on driving to get the best time. Recently released blur (Activision, 2010) incorporates real world cars with arcade style handling and vehicular combat. It introduces a completely new type of gameplay to the current racing genre. However, it is brewed with the power ups mechanics that has been used in many games. It also uses the ranking and perk system. The race starts without a count-down timer which is currently popular; we can see such game mechanics in Split second and need for speed series. Results and Contribution The Definition I would like to give a brief explanation rather than a definition. It is possible that this has been mentioned some or other way in many articles. Game mechanics is a set of rules that builds a specific gameplay which makes the game more challenging, interesting and player-involving. Game mechanics can also introduce new ideas or variety within a game, which ultimately makes a game fun. Game mechanics can be used to build up such a gameplay that motivates or manipulates human behaviour. The definition explained here has been used to study and understand the game mechanics and gameplay in a variety of games mentioned in the research. Game Mechanics In Racing Genre When it comes to racing games, speed is everything. The faster the gameplay is, the more the excitement, interest and challenge will be. In a racing game, the player is not given a high performance car at the beginning of the game, but as he levels up in the game, faster cars or performance upgrades that can boost up the speed are unlocked. This mechanism creates a need of high performance car, and as the player progresses further, the game feels more rewarding. Free roam mode or open world environment plays a crucial part in racing games. Player gets a chance to explore the environment and start the race whenever he wants to, which gives a realistic feeling to the game. Players usually get attracted towards imported cars. Car customization has become an important feature of racing games. Models of original cars are highly praised by players and. They have a tendency to customize their cars and show off as well. Leaderboards allow players to compare their best times, high score and achievements, which also keeps a player engaged in game. Challenge is not the only element a player is looking for in racing games. A number of games provides stunts and car crash based gameplay. Trials HD (RedLynx, 2009) and Burnout series (Criterion Games) are good examples of it. Player can drive through a signboard or perform a stunt in burnout paradise to gain extra boost, where Trials HD is all about passing through obstacles by performing stunt moves. Such game mechanics inserts the element of fun in games. A few arcade style racing games have been avoiding the use of start up countdown. The round starts with ongoing race and the player gains control of the car after a cut scene. This type of mechanics is seen in triple-A titles like Blur and Split second. However, Simulation style racing games, where the realism is more persistent, follows the traditional countdown start-up of a race. Need for speed underground featured finish-first only mechanics. In order to win the round, the player has to finish at first place and first place only. This increases the challenge at a high degree, but it also seemed to be improving the player skills. Other notable game mechanics or gameplay features includes motion blur, car pursuit, allowing player to create tracks etc. Music and soundtracks also play an important part in making the game more interesting. Who wouldnt listen to hip hop or rock music while driving ones favourite car at top speed? It is believed that EA Trax has played an important part in the success of Need for Speed series. Gameplay is designed by brewing multiple game mechanics together. There is no specific recipe to make a best-selling racing game, but a game with various gameplay is more likely get popular. Developing a new Game Mechanic for Racing Games Whether a player is performing stunts, chasing a car, trying to make a huge crash score, or just playing a normal race, the core element is speed. Wouldnt it be great if a car never lose speed unless it is commanded to? Here, I have attempted to come up with such a game mechanic. During a race, if a player hits an obstacle, the car will lose health points but not the speed; the car will continue running throughout the track without losing its speed. However, massive loss in health points will ultimately result the player lose the round. The game presented here demonstrates the game mechanics with some other features as well. The demo consists of a single straight track. Instead of solid obstacles, the player will face white ghosts on track. On colliding with a ghost, the car will go through it but will lose health points. The race does not start with a countdown; instead it begins with the player car running at minimum speed; which increases the challenge from the beginning. On the other hand, if the player runs out of health, or fails to finish the race at first place, he loses the round. But, if the player finishes at first place without losing any health points, he wins a perfect finish. The demo also features some power ups. If the player picks up a health pack, the car health is restored. Slow motion slows down the game, allowing player to easily move through ghosts. Once activated, the game runs in slow motion for 10 seconds. Another power up is a shield which protects player from getting hurt by ghosts or opponent cars. The shield, once activated, stays active for 5 seconds. Shield provides a great advantage. When activated, the car will run 2 points slower than the real speed. Opponents do not collide or influence the players game; however, if collided with opponent cars, the player car will lose health. Evaluation Game Mechanics The following racing mechanics have been implemented into the demo, speed mechanics, power ups, random obstacle mechanics, competition mechanics, countdown less start up and finish first only. The gameplay was changed regularly as the demo was forming up in order to get the optimum effect of the mechanics. Multiple values were changed to improve the difficulty and challenge. However, it was also ensured that the difficulty is not far above the ground. Besides game mechanics, the gameplay can be improved with better feedback, graphical and visual effects, music and sound, more rewards or other bells and whistles. The Gameplay A game demo or a beta version of a game is made for testing purposes. The developers would test the graphics, frame rate or overall performance. Here, the game demo was made for an identical aim. The game demo was given to a group of game enthusiasts. Afterwards the reaction of the players towards the game mechanics was observed. The demo has a look and feel of classic road fighter (Konami, 1984) and the players did miss the superman bonus point. Random obstacles increased the challenge; it made the demo interesting as well. The demo has proved to be an ideal combination of challenge and skill. The players had to concentrate more in order to achieve the perfect finish; several players attempted more tactical approach to win the race. When asked about each feature of the game separately, the replies were encouraging and prove the success of the demo. User Comments Here are some comments given by players who tried the game demo. The game is quiet good; the ghosts were terrible as they ate up all my health in the first round. I rate it 4 out of 5. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Pratik Solanki The concept was different from other games, though the difficulty level was maintained throughout the demo. It seemed easy to win the game, but it was tough to achieve the perfect finish. 3.5 out of 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Kushal Joshi The game gets addictive as soon as you start playing   Dirk Fortmeier The Research Game development is not quite possible without understanding game mechanics. Gameplay is an important factor that attracts a player. The research on game mechanics helped to understand why a particular gameplay is more interesting and player involving.

Architecture of the New Capitalist Society Essay examples -- essays re

Architecture of the New Capitalist Society INTRODUCTORY THEME Daniel Libeskind’s winning design for the new World Trade Center takes a sentimental and metaphorical approach. He claims that the completed WTC would become the representation of America’s belief in humanity, its need for individual dignity, and its beliefs in the cooperation of human. Libeskind’s original design focused on restoring the spiritual peak to the New York City and creating an icon that speaks of America’s vitality in the face of danger and her optimism in the aftermath of tragedy. The design considered the city’s neighborhood and residents, rather than simply the economic demands of the commissioners. However, Libeskind’s revised plan that revealed in September 2003 altered his original humanistic vision of creating buildings that respond to the neighborhood, and an environment that will have richness and openness. Pressured by the leaseholder of the WTC site Mr. Silverstein, Libeskind’s new plan added an emphasize on the commercial purpose of the site. The marketability of office and retail spaces has become the major concern of the project. The new World Trade Center project has stirred a significant amount of debates among authorities and the public since Daniel Liberskind first revealed his original mater plan in February 2003. Some have proposed to redesign and decentralize lower Manhattan; others have questioned that if New York really needs another world’s tallest building, or maybe something more modest like affordable housing, linear parks, and true public spaces and institutes. However, beyond these issues, there is a far more intricate question cannot be easily answered: How the architecture profession has been influenced by the new capitalist society? And what is the role of the architects in the twenty-first century? Architecture has been known as the product of aesthetics, structure, and function that serves to address social needs, resolve environmental and humanitarian problems through built form. Architecture not only shelters, but also has the ability to consolidate boundaries within our society. It realizes the role by physically defining space and by imposing its symbolic, representative meaning onto our living environment. As Ludwig Wittgenstein once said, â€Å"Architecture immortalizes and glorifies something†. Indeed, architecture must be documentary and didac... ...uld be one of the most significant lessons September 11th attack has taught us. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abby Bussel, â€Å"As the World Trade Center Turns†, Architecture, V. 92, N.9 (Sept 2003), 11. Andrew Mead, â€Å"Close Inspection of a Capitalist World [book and exhibition review]†, Architects’ Journal V. 206, N. 17 (Nov 1997), 59. Anthony Burke, interview held during meeting, University of California, Berkeley, November, 2004. Colin St. John Wilson, â€Å"Speer and the Fear of Freedom,† Architectural Review V. 173 No. 1036 (June 1983):22. Christopher Hawthorne, â€Å"Not the Object but the Emptiness†, Metropolis V. 23, N.9 (May 2004), 113. Joseph A. Demkin. The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice (John Wiley & Sons, Inc: 2002), 13. Karrie Jacobs, â€Å"The Power of Inadvertent Design†, Metropolis, V. 23, N. 6 (Feb 2004), 50. Peter J. Larkham, â€Å"Planning the twentieth-century city: the advanced capitalist world [book review]†, Planning Perspectives. V. 18, N. 8 (Apr 2003), 245. Reg McLemore, â€Å"City Planning in an Economy in Transition†, Plan Canada, V. 39, N. 4 (Sept 1999), 22. Sam Lubell, â€Å"Libeskind’s World Trade Center Guidelines Raise Doubts†, Architectural Record, V. 192, No. 6 (June 2004), 47.

Globalization and Environmental Effects on our planet Essay

Globalization and the Environmental Effects on our Planet We live on a very fortunate planet that allows the human race to not only survive on it, but also to thrive in its consistent temperatures, natural resources, and prosperous ecosystem. But the effects of globalization, pollution, global warming and other environmental problems threaten our survival as a species in this ecosystem. Many believe that through technology, commerce, and travel globalization will lead us to economic prosperity, while conservationists and scientists are working hard to preserve the priceless resources that our earth has to offer us. The widespread changes that are brought about due to globalization have a lasting impact on our environment and threaten our survival. These global changes make understanding our world both challenging and a necessary task if our future depends understanding these concepts in all their various forms. Our ecosystems are altered by the financial decisions we make today and the energy we use, the pollutions we create will affect our lives for our children and our children’s children, if we don’t destroy ourselves by then. Globalization is a very real phenomenon and a concept hat most people do not fully come to grasp in order to understand the ramifications of it. Globalization does not Just affect our societies economically, but also politically and socially as well. The media does an extensive Job at portraying the ideologies and opinions of globalization through politicians and activist groups, but does not accurately portray the arguments or the ever expanding inequality gap between the rich and poor and the lack of evidence to demonstrate the achievement of the â€Å"trickle down† effect. Globalization is most commonly defined as , â€Å"the increasing nterconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change† (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, & Wyckoff, 2003). This means that once-distant regions and cultures are now linked together through commerce, travel, and communications causing an economic reorganization of our world’s systems. Early forms of globalization have been seen since the early years of our societies, including the first era of globalization before World War I seemed to shrink our global finance capitalism system. The inventions of the steamship, telegrams, and ventually the telephone are all examples of the increase of globalization in our earlier societies that have had a huge impact on our political, cultural, and economic systems. But this â€Å"new era of globalization,† as mentioned by Thomas Friedman, is not only different in degree than the previous era of globalization, but is also driven differently and is increasing at a pace never witnessed before (Friedman, 2000). Since the Industrial Revolution, many may argue that contemporary globalization is the most fundamental reorganization of the socioeconomic structure, but few agree on whether the benefits actually outweigh the costs. In previous eras, inventions such as the railroad, steamships, and automobiles increased globalization and the falling transportation costs allowed people to get to more places cheaper and faster than ever betore. Now, the talling costs ot telecommunications allow todays era ot globalization to link the world together even tighter than before. Microchips, the internet, satellites, and cellphones allow societies and cultures of greater distances to connect quickly and cheaply in order to conduct business, form relationships, and transfer information from one geographic location to another. Travel has become aster and more cost effective, communications with other countries have become easier, and people are able to offer and exchange services globally. This is why Friedman defines globalization as, â€Å"The inexorable integration of markets, nation- states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before- in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations and nation-states farther, faster, deeper, cheaper than ever before. (Friedman, 2000, p. 9) Not everyone has profited from economic globalization, nor have the benefits been felt equally in certain world regions. The multitude of economic changes due to increases in communication, travel, and financial decisions have triggered fundamental cultural changes to many populations, which have threatened local cultural diversity. Globalization, especially in its economic form, is one of the most contentious issues today. Economic globalization is often applauded by those who believe that economic efficiency will result in a rising prosperity for the entire world, ut in actuality it will only largely benefit those who are already prosperous, increasing the gap between the rich and poor, all while reducing cultural and ecological diversity around the world. Globalization is not a natural process, instead it promotes free market and export oriented economies at the expense and exploitation of localized activities and resources. The inequality between the rich and poor from this â€Å"trickle down† effect is actually increasing the percentage of poor people in most world regions. To put this into perspective, 20 percent of the world’s richest people onsume 86 percent of the world’s resources; equally the wealthiest countries have grown much richer (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, & Wyckoff, 2003). While the richer seem to be getting richer, the poor grow more and more impoverished, with the least amount of consumption of these global resources. The poorest 80 percent use only about 14 percent of global resources, with the poorest 10 percent seeing their income decline in the past couple decades (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, & Wyckoff, 2003). Economic globalization is an unavoidable phenomenon that holds both promises and drawbacks. At certain levels, we can use globalization to reduce some economic inequalities and protect the natural environment. In order to make globalization work for our future generations and our planet, there needs to be a kind of openness in education and social cohesion that stresses the need for strong, efficient governments that can create networks of environmental and human rights groups with government policies. With these interrelations between the 2 extremes of pro- globalization and anti-globalization wings, we can create the opportunity for profit and growth through complementary institutions, such as the government and social ssurance. Although these economic activities seem to be the driving force behind globalization, the consequences attect every aspect ot lite and land in our day and age. Our ecosystem is affected due to the demand for natural resources as global commodities and our planet’s physical environment is at risk. As Rowntree, et al. points out, â€Å"our local ecosystems are altered by financial decisions made thousands of miles away†¦ these activities have profound and detrimental implications for the world’s climates, oceans, and forests† (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, & Wyckoff, 2003). Unfortunately for our global environment, the pace of destruction has worsened and our reaction to the climate crisis is much too weak if we plan on inhabiting this planet for the next 50, 60, 70+ years. Our earth is a beautiful and magnificent place for life to form and grow, but our time on this planet is not going to last much longer if we do not do something about our environmental impact on the planet’s natural resources. In a biological sense, our environment is defined as, â€Å"the complex of climatic, biotic, and social factors that acts upon an organism and determines its orm and survival† (Class lecture,week 6). Nature is our basis of well being and the biodiversity has delcined glabally 30 percetn between 1970 and 2008. As A1 gore discusses in his book An Inconvient Truth, Many people still rely on our planet as if it is big enough to sustain our habits forever. Some still assume that the earth is so big that we could never use up all its resources. Due to globalization and population growth, we are influencing many parts of our earths environments, especially the most vulnerable, the atmosphere (Gore, 2006). Humans see themselves as apart from ature, instead of as a part of nature. How we live, what we consume, all impacts our environment. The earth’s atmosphere is so thin that we are actually capable of changing its composition by the massive amount of carbon dioxide we have pumped into it. High income countries, much like the U. S. , have a footprint 5 times greater that that of low income coutnries, thus leading to the loss of biodiverstiy and impacting the ecosystem. (WWF Global, 2012). The world is undergoing major changes, glacier are melting, species are on the verge of extinction, sea levels are rising, and temperatures are heating up. Global warming is a direct result of humans living in disharomony with the planet and its natural resources. We are beginning to live in a more and more human created environment causing carbon dioxide levels to increase because of the burnign of fossil fuels. The problem that we are faced with now is that every living system in our biosphere is delcining and we are a part of nature that can not afford to lose these valuable resources. As the temperature increases all over the world, we are putting ourselves and our fellow species at risk of extinction. This begins to affect our storm systems, because the armer the oceans get the stronger the storms get. These consequences are all due to the basic understanding our earth’s atmosphere, and the most important agents, the green house gases. Due to huge quantities of human caused carbon dioxde, we are thickening this this atmopheric layer, causing the gases to trap the sun’s radiation inside and causing the planet to â€Å"heat up. (Gore, 2006). Just a suttle increase of a few degress can have a dangerous effect on our plantes ecological system. Areas around the world are experiencing undesirable amounts of rain in short periods of time, while others are facing immeasurable droughts. This shift in temperature not only causes glaciers to melt and oceans to rise, but it also disrupts migration patters, how or where certain plants grow, and the species that depend on those climates. Our ever growing demand on resources is putting an immense burden on biodiversity. The continued provsion of ecosytem resources, our furture security, our health and well being are all in Jeapordy due to the current rate of consupmtion of non-renewable resources. According to the living planet report, as of 2012 the Earth would need 1. 5 years to produce and replenish the natural resources hat we have consumed in only a single year (WWF Global, 2012). And this number has only increased since the last report. The technology and the consumption of resources in the Unites States alone contributes to 30. 3 percent to global wamring. That is more that South America, Canada, Africa, the Middle East, Australia , Japan, and Aoutheast Asia combined (Gore, 2006). It is no doubt that the U. S. is the biggest contributor to not only globalization, but also to the poor environmental quality of this planet. We have rightfully earned our name as the biggest polluter in the world, but it may not be too late. The first step in reducing our global footprint is by accepting and understanding the consequences our actions have on our planet’s environment and that there are ways we can reverse some of the negative impacts we have had on our planet. We can no longer turn a blind eye to the effects we cause on our ecostyems. A1 gore proposes many solutions to how we as individuals can help this climate crisis. Considering that this problem is a vast and complicated, we can each do our part to help reduce our carbon footprint and together we can make a difference. Sacing energy at home by using energy efficient light bulbs, turning off ights when we do not need them, and heating and cooling our house efficiently are just a few ways we can help out individually. In the communtiy, not driving so much, taking public transportation, reducing emissiones from our cars, and being conscious of our daily consumptions are all ways we can reduce pollution in our air. And most importantly consuming less, reusing water bottles, bags, buying things that last, buying local, and modifying your diet are all important changes that we can make to ensure our health for ourselves and for future generations. Globalization and our nvironmental impact are very important factors that we must always consider if we plan on existing in this environment with other species. We are fortunate to live on a planet that can sustain life and allow it to thrive, but if we are not careful, we will use up any and all resources that Earth provides. Our consumption and the effects it has on the environment is detrimental to our survival and the survival of our ecosystems. These global changes make understanding our world both challenging and a necessary task if our future depends understanding these concepts in all their arious forms.

Free Essays on Worldly Challenges

As The World Grows So Do Our Challenges As the world grows so do our challenges. Not only are our problems growing in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is scarcely a day that goes by when I don't hear about some new problem that will soon threaten us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped there are other challenges such as the spread of racial hatred, rising risk of disease spread, and the growing levels of civil unrest throughout much of the world which threaten many lives everyday. Most of the future's challenges will only be made possible if all people, regardless of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work together for a stronger world. There are many ways in which I believe that I can help society meet this future challenge of coming together as a united world. While I was an exchange student, I saw the world from a different point of view. For the first time, I realized that the people of the world have so many similarities in comparison to the few and insignificant differences. To make the people of the world unite would merely take time in convincing people of the world that we are all in pursuit of the same basic goals. All that it would take to show that this could be done is two different cultures to unite and then the rest of the world what can come by the strength all gain by coming together. I believe that I can help in solving some of the barriers that hold us back from completing the task that we all desire which is unity. I served as a miniature version of a diplomat when I was an exchange student. I helped people in another country see that we all have common goals and I also helped sever the bonds to racial hatred by providing them insight into the American way of thinking and they did likewise for me. I have done everything to help sever these ancient bonds and will continue... Free Essays on Worldly Challenges Free Essays on Worldly Challenges As The World Grows So Do Our Challenges As the world grows so do our challenges. Not only are our problems growing in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is scarcely a day that goes by when I don't hear about some new problem that will soon threaten us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped there are other challenges such as the spread of racial hatred, rising risk of disease spread, and the growing levels of civil unrest throughout much of the world which threaten many lives everyday. Most of the future's challenges will only be made possible if all people, regardless of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work together for a stronger world. There are many ways in which I believe that I can help society meet this future challenge of coming together as a united world. While I was an exchange student, I saw the world from a different point of view. For the first time, I realized that the people of the world have so many similarities in comparison to the few and insignificant differences. To make the people of the world unite would merely take time in convincing people of the world that we are all in pursuit of the same basic goals. All that it would take to show that this could be done is two different cultures to unite and then the rest of the world what can come by the strength all gain by coming together. I believe that I can help in solving some of the barriers that hold us back from completing the task that we all desire which is unity. I served as a miniature version of a diplomat when I was an exchange student. I helped people in another country see that we all have common goals and I also helped sever the bonds to racial hatred by providing them insight into the American way of thinking and they did likewise for me. I have done everything to help sever these ancient bonds and will continue...

Intercultural Interview Analysis Essay

Intercultural Interview Analysis Essay Intercultural Interview Analysis Essay Cultural changes have been witnessed in most parts of the world. In the current world, it is becoming difficult to maintain indigenous cultures. This is attributed to the rate at which technology is transforming the world across borders and making interactions between people of different cultures easier. The interaction has facilitated erosion of several aspects of people’s cultures. In place of these cultural norms, people adapt universal ways of doing things which determine how they carry out social aspects of their lives. However, this has not always been the case; people had distinct cultural values that determined how they went about their economic and social affairs. These elements identified the different cultural groupings back then. Consequently, understanding these aspects and adapting to them represent the greatest challenge for people who work across borders. Even though there have been continuous erosion of most cultural values, these changes are more pronounc ed in the younger generation. The older generation is more rigid in the aspect that they have held to cultural values. Understanding a people’s culture is critical in communicating with the people. It is the reason why one has to know the culture before setting out to interact with a different cultural group. The best way to understand cultural differences is by carrying out interviews. This paper structures such an interview with a fellow student who is a Mexican. Interview structure The questions to ask in the interview are modeled to understand the differences between North American culture and Mexican culture. These questions put emphasis on the importance of communication in the Mexican culture, and how communication is facilitated across different members of the culture. The first question will ask recognizable differences on how people communicate in America as compared to Mexico. The second question will focus on whether there is equity across gender groups in the Mexican culture. The third question focuses on the use of non verbal signs in both cultures while the last question will ask the difficulties in adapting to American culture if one is from Mexico. Getting adequate answers to these questions will help in understanding the Mexican culture and how communication can be facilitated between an American and a Mexican. Interview analysis The interview which took about 30 minutes brought out certain differences as well as similarities between the two cultures. Most importantly, it helped provide information on how communication can be facilitated between the two cultures. Starting with the differences, the Mexican culture has a different inclination on what prompts their interest in conversations. In North America, it is easy to elicit conversations through fairy tales and detective stories as these thrill a significant part of the American communication. This is very different from Mexicans who find thrill in stories themed on love myths and legends. The difference is critical in establishing what mode of communication to adopt in reference to Americans or Mexicans (Crouch, 2004). It is worth noting that Mexicans delight in fantasy or fantasizing while Americans prefer hard reality. Using factual information as a head start for a conversation with a Mexican may not prompt a conversation and it would hinder communicat ion between the individuals. Americans are automatically trusting. On the other hand, Mexicans are automatically suspicious and require a clear indication of intent coupled with actual evidence before trusting. To encourage communication with a Mexican, one needs to give them time to understand the person or else they would become suspicious. Consequently, in such cases, no meaningful communication would take place. Americans encourage criticism and are not opposed to change. Mexicans on the other hand eschew criticism and are fearful of change. Criticizing a Mexican the same way one would do to an American would attract a hostile reaction which would hinder effective communication. There are also views on gender equity which impacts communication between Americans and Mexicans. Americans have little emphasis on male supremacy and talking to a woman is not taken as belittling a man. In contrast, Mexicans are a patriarchal society where talking to a woman preferentially is viewed as demeaning to a man. This disco urages sober communication and in some instances elicits hostility from the predominantly patriarchal society. However, there are some similarities in the two cultures, the most common being use of gestures in communication. These gestures include nodding which means acceptance and shaking of one’s head which denotes negation (Mente, 2009). These are the only clear cut similarities impacting on information between the American and Mexican cultures. In conclusion, intercultural analysis enabled by this kind of an interview involves an actual encounter between two participants who represent different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It presents an opportunity to identify similarities and differences between these linguistic and cultural backgrounds. By identifying these differences and similarities, those seeking to interact have a basis of doing it successfully by creating the right impression. The right impression encourages communication and makes it easy to elicit information or conduct business in the foreign culture. However, the success of this is dependent on the structure of the interview which should include questions on all aspects that impact communication within the other culture. From the above comparison, it is easy to understand the Mexican culture and this facilitates easy communication within the cultural setup.

Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debt - Essay Example void the fiscal deficit as much as possible by the repayment of massive public debt in order to save the current and future generation from the burdens of debt. The American deficit in 2009 was around $1.8 trillion which was equal to 13.0 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). This deficit was $157 billion higher than what is expected. The additional spending to recover the economic sector from the current financial crisis was the major reason for the increase in deficit (An Analysis of the President’s Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2010, p.1). America was one of the worst affected countries as far as the current recession is concerned. Many big companies were one the verge of close down unless the government helped them. The close down of big companies will definitely increase the unemployment problem which the government don’t want to occur. So, only option available in front of the government was to declare a stimulus package to pump money to the ailing economy. Since the gross domestic production growth was less, the pumping of money to the ailing economy may increase the fiscal deficit again and again which means e ach American’s debt was also increasing. The Iraq and Afghan wars were also contributed heavily to America’s deficit. It is difficult for America to stop the military exercises in Afghanistan and Iraq before achieving the objectives. It is suicidal for America to stop these wars since neither of the objectives was achieved yet. At the same time, new war fronts are also on cards for America. For example, Iran’s efforts to acquire nuclear weapons cannot be watched silently by America. Many people believe that America will be forced to open another warfront in Iran in order to prevent Iran acquiring the nuclear power. Any such moves will again put American economy in jeopardy. It is difficult for America to conduct wars in three different regions at the same time. Immediate stoppage of wars is the only possible solution in front

Financial essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial - Essay Example (Experian Plc. 2010) This company, in its history, has acquired numerous other corporations allowing it to expand its products and services. By 2009, Experian, Plc. declared in its annual report that its business now covers the provision of information, analytical tools and marketing services to organizations on a global scale which helps their clients manage risks, find and retain customers as well as automate decision-making. Experian, Plc. has a long history of mergers and acquisition. The main player in Experian’s development, however, was TRW. In 1996, TRW sold its Information System & Services Division to an investor group which in turn sold it to the British General Universal Store PLC (GUS PLC), which later merged the division with CCN. (Jentzsch 2007, p. 73) This conglomerate became what is now known as Experian and has an accumulated 240 million consumers in its file with a strategy guided by an aggressive acquisition around the world. (p. 73) Experian’s Information Solutions alone works with over 50,000 clients across industries including financial services, telecommunications, healthcare insurance, retail, catalog, automotive, manufacturing, leisure, utilities, property, e-commerce and government. (Plunkett 2006) As previously mentioned, Experian, Plc. follows an aggressive acquisition strategy around the world, successfully penetrating many European countries and as far as South Korea and South Africa. The latest of its overseas foray involved the acquisition of the full license to operate a credit bureau in India. This emphasis on merger activity is driven by the aim to gain competitive advantage by acquiring a wide range of services. According to Jenzsch, Experian has two other big rivals and that the competition is fierce with the high volume of credit reports needed by industries and consumers. (p. 74) All in all Experian’s range of merger activities reflect a vision which involved: The